Heart Sounds Case Essay

1. Dr. Baker spends a long prison term listening to (auscultating) Calebs nerve. a. Where on the thoracic surface do you auscultate to the tricuspid, mitral (bicuspid), pulmonary, and aortal valves? Auscultation for the tricuspid valve would be in the left-hand(a) sternal margin of the fifth intercostal space. The mitral valve threatenings are heard over the apex of the punk (5th intercostal space) in line with the middle of the clavicle. Pulmonary valve sounds are auscultated at the 2nd intercostal space at the left sternal margin. The aortal valve is heard at the 2nd intercostal space of the full sternal margin. b. Where do you think would be the outflank place to auscultate Calebs freakish tone sound? formulate your answer. The ab regulation snapper sounds would best be heard over the tricuspid area the set down left sternal border. This is the area which overlies the defect.2. Caleb has abnormal feel sounds that tipped the doctor off-key to a problem. a. Name th e normal sounds of the rawness and indicate what haves these sounds. The normal sounds of the center are lub-dup are caused by the opening and closing of the heart valves. The showtime sound lub- is from the closing of the mitral and tricuspid heart valves. The second sound -dup- is from the closure of the pulmonary and aortic valves. b. In relation to the normal heart sounds, when would you expect to hear the abnormal sound Dr. Baker heard? excuse your answer. A ventricular septal defect is a systolic murmur. The abnormal sounds can be heard during or after the first heart sound and ends before or during the second heart sound.3. The defect in Calebs heart allows ancestry to mix among the two ventricular chambers. a. Due to this defect would you expect the birth to move from left-to-right ventricle or right-to-left ventricle during systole? I would expect the livestock to move from the left to the right ventricle. b. Based on your understanding of blood squeeze and resi stance in the heart and great vessels, explain your answer to question 3a. In the heart blood flows from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. Blood normally enters on the right spot of the heart (de oxygenated), is pumped to the lungs and damagess to the left side of the heart (oxygenated) which will thence be pumped out to the rest of the body.In Calebs case blood will enter the right side of the heart, be pumped to the lungs and return to the left sideof the heart. Every time his heart beats, some blood is then forced done the VSD arse to the right side. It then goes back to the lungs even though it is already oxygenated, so blood that is not oxygenated cant get oxygen. A lower blood playscript then remains in the left ventricle to be pumped out to the rest of the body. High pressure would go on in the lungs due to extra blood universe pumped into lung arteries this operate heart and lungs work harder.4. When an echocardiogram is perform, the technician color-c odes oxygenated blood (red) and deoxygenated blood (blue) a. In a full-blooded baby, what color would the blood be within the right and left ventricles, singly? The right ventricle normally pumps blue blood because the blood is without oxygen and the left ventricle pumps red blood because the blood has oxygen. b. In Calebs heart, what color would the blood be within the right and left ventricles, respectively? It is both blue and red in the right ventricle because the already oxygenated blood flows back into the right ventricle and blood in the left ventricle would be red.5. Calebs heart allows oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to mix. Based on your knowledge of the heart and the great vessels, describe other anatomical abnormalities that cause the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Atrioventricular Canal blot is an abnormality that causes the mixing of blood. there is a hole in center of heart where the wall between the upper and lower chambers meet. The tricuspid an d mitral valves arent formed properly and one large valve crosses the defect. The defect lets oxygen rich blood pass to the hearts right side and mix with deoxygenated blood, then go back to the lungs. Another abnormality is Atrial Septal Defect (ASD), where the walls of the upper chambers of the heart dont close completely, create a left to right movement of blood due to the high pressure. The mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood may cause the right atrium and ventricle to spread out due to the higher volume of blood.6. What happens to Calebs systemic cardiac end product as a result of his ventricular septal defect (VSD)? Explain your answer. Calebs systemic cardiac output will be decreased. His blood will enter the right ventricle be pumped to the lungs, return to the left ventricle and then be shuntedback to the right ventricle. This causes to a greater extent blood to enter the right ventricle. The extra blood then difference the right ventricle causes a volume overl oad to the lungs. Because blood is being shunted back to the right ventricle, there is a lesser volume of oxygenated blood that leaves the heart to supply the rest of the body.7. One of the problems that worried Tiffaney was that Caleb seemed to be respire too hard all the time. Lets consider how this note is related to his heart defect. a. Describe what would happen to the blood volume and pressure entering the pulmonary circuit as a result of his VSD. In VSD the right and left ventricles are working harder, pumping a greater volume of blood than they normally would. Extra blood will pass through the pulmonary artery into the lungs causing, blood pressure to be higher than normal in the blood vessels and lungs.b. Describe what would happen to the myocardium of Calebs right ventricle as a result of his VSD. The right ventricular heart vim will thicken and lose elasticity over time, causing the heart to work harder to effectively pump blood the lungs and rest of the body.8. Based on the location of Calebs defect, what part of the conduction system might be at risk for abnormalities? It is extremely rare that VSD would cause a conduction system defect due to the fact that the two systems are diametric, different embryological development, yet are in close proximity to each other. It is workable for the bundle of His to be displaced, but usually is unaffected. Sometimes a start of the bundle of His could be on a rim of the VSD, but is soothe able to function. The only tricky part is if surgery is needed, the doctor take to be careful when closing the defect.