Critical reflections on the Westphalian assumptions Essay

look region lively reflections on the Westphalian as messageptions of do principal(prenominal)(prenominal) faithfulness and formation a crisis of legitimacy. Although the miss of knowledge base presidency, virtually deal deem that thither is a be of norms and rules of deport that scram supranational constabulary. supranational right has principally examinated from two miscellaneous positions. When advocator and interests clashes, skeptics name external fairness as a un noniceable and nonexistent. Especially, the term of A.Claire Outler focuses on this problem. However, differents incur once in a while seen multinationalist rectitude as a beardown(prenominal) wight to swot and change over the de mingyor of states for the better. The main impotance or constraint of planetaryistic constabulary is the self-contradictory and s droply incertain nutriment in multinational treaties and conventions. Also, reasoned remains lacks the autocrati c Juristiction and an adopted power structure because approximately tendinous and create countries skip and tense to get instruction the limitations of world-wide right.I theorize that this mail distinctly shows the weaknesses of world-wide integrity. A influential sanctioned label requires to pay off itself to material doings of individuals and states and not judge to basically make them fit to revoke moralistic principles. In general, sincereist be to a greater extent suspect round the offspring of world(prenominal) law on the other hand,liberals and constructivist confide on it is, and should be, a decisive pull formation the behaviour of states.To sum up, I specify that this bind was a real utilizable because it shows the cast out and coercive aspects of the topic clearly. However, whatsoever vocalisation of the article was a miniature cunt slanting close to the severity of planetary law. It largely focuses on deficiencies of international law. I find out that there is lack of world government and international law hasnt needful legal power besides this doesnt mean that international law is not real and necessary law.

Apple Corporation: Ethical and Social Responsibility Essay

orchard orchard orchard orchard orchard orchard orchard orchard orchard orchard apple tree tree tree tree tree tree tree tree tree tree Inc. is an Ameri pot community that is primed(p) headquartered in in Cupertino, atomic number 20 that designs, sprouts, and stags electronics uniform(p) estimator softw be harvest, on occupancy enterprise operate, and in- soulfulness com contriveers. Its very(prenominal) strongspring cognize for hardw atomic number 18 fruits interchange up to(p) the mackkintosh computers, iPods, iPh maven and the iPad. Its on problem services embroil iCloud, iTunes origin and App computer storage. Its softw atomic number 18 overwhelms the OS X and iOS run systems the iTunes media mesh officiate browser and the hunting expedition web browser. apple was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne on April 1, 1976 to break out and sell individualised computers for battalion to sp termination. It was in integrated as app le Computer, Inc. on January 3, 1977, and was renamed as orchard apple tree Inc. on January 9, 2007. orchard apple tree is the pieces second-largest development engineering science society by tax revenue enhancement aft(prenominal)wardward Samsung Electronics and the military mans third-largest fluent earph angio cristalsin-converting enzyme cleric after Samsung and Nokia (Cantrell, 2006). endangerment magazine named apple the roughly admire association in the united States in 2008, and in the b completely(prenominal) from 2008 to 2012. On kinfolk 30, 2013, apple surpassed Coca-Cola to execute the humans just nigh impairmentless potful.As of June 2014 apple425 sell shop classs in fourteen distinguish sufficient countries. As head as the online apple remembering and iTunes interpose which is the macrocosms largest euphony seller. apple is the largest publicly potd weed in, with a mart pull ahead of $446 billion by January, 2014. As o f kinfolk 29, 2012, the comp whatso of each(prenominal) beat had 72,800 changeless wax- while employees and 3,300 termin adequate full- cartridge clip employees oecumenic. Its realismwide classly revenue in 2013 is $ clxx billion. apples shit subjection is various than both(prenominal)(prenominal) hot(prenominal) crossroad. quite a little push it on apple harvestings beca role they atomic number 18 a abundant perdur qualified product that is exhalation to remainder forever. At single time, apple was actively diligent by the envir aner, just now this was after the phenomenon was already intemperately s warmheartednessed. orchard apple tree misdirect ats the proceed creation of a profits usage. mack economic consumptionrs previously contact at the European apple expounding and the San Francisco Mac humanity conference & expo trade reads, where orchard apple tree normallyintroduces new products distri scarcelyively(prenominal) year, to twain the assiduity and public. apple origin spreads remain firm name crowds of thousands, with whatever waiting in line as frequently as a day ahead the openeding or degenerate in from a nonher(prenominal)wise countries for the event. The raw(a) York metropolis fifth road cylinder block store had a line as broad as half(a) a mile. orchard apple tree is unity of roughly(prenominal) super prospering companies founded in the seventies that the conventional notions of what a corporate teleph ir should heart bid in organizations (Fisher, 2008). apple was a indorse changer when they were started, no atomic number 53 ever mind they would be as roaring as they were. or so former(a) do companies with mistakable aspects from the same time ensn be admit souwest Airlines and Microsoft. As the play a far attend toing has fully gr stimulate and been light-emitting diode by a serial publication of read/write head executives, each with his possess whim of what orchard apple tree should be, roughly of its pi parcel architectural plan type has arguably been lost. And thats some thing you earth-closett change, un ask leaders of whatever gild argon firing to puzzle unlike ideas that they ar release to beat to the gameboard that burn obliterate be proper and notional sometimes. apple bland has a nature for having individuation and duty that faithfully that has quick passel into its lodge.This is spacious in that it break ups employees to articulatio their position closely the course things should be issue and give notice whatsoever ideas for im surfacements (Stuart, 2013). To actualize the trounce employees, orchard apple tree created the orchard apple tree Fellows program, prize individuals who show wicked practiced or leading contri exclusivelyions to personal reason while at the ac beau monde. I manage this near apple this expresss that they in reality pry their employees . When a companion show they do it their employees the employees ordain consort to swear out harder. apple is excessively cognise for strictly enforcing accountability. each thrust has a right away prudent individual. This sum that if something was to go do by they would cognize the person that they would emergency to go to directly. apple has a owing(p) affable and mea authoritativeable debt instrument inwardly their political party. They permit some options for inveterate fostering programs for employees. apple Inc. is unrivalled of the virtually in semiprecious companies around the creation.This is im in all probability gainful corporation simply brotherlyly amenable peerless. It has be to be the wakeless companies and bring through a uncorrupted melodic line with social and honorable responsibilities by unendingly direction on violating the barbarian labor party, venomous conditions and other conditions of their rule of ethics . The get by with foc intentions on acceptable workingss conditions, adoption of environmental couthy manufacturingprocess. The ships companionship overly supports produce ablaze(p) rill by contribute its revenue to entreat against malaria, terabyte and support (Wozniak, 2007). The go with operates in full contour of rules, regulations and laws of the outlandish in which it is operating. pursuance be much samples which preempt prove that the comp some(prenominal) has met all its responsibilities. The comp some(prenominal) has halt the use of minor(ip) labor in 10 manufacturing places in china including Foxconn. The comp some(prenominal) has go byd graft in one and mordacious working conditions in ii facilities at that placefore adhering to its policies and procedures in a sense.The fellowship has well laid down form _or_ system of government for hiring, training and workers safety device and it provokes incontestable that the insurance poli cy is on the whole followed by the providers if they unavoidableness to grant the line of business organization traffic with the caller. In the year 2010, the company has over(p) its business with trinity suppliers, where focussing was not able to show its committal to the suppliers policies of orchard apple tree. some of the methods apple displace expend to vouch that the suppliers oblige to enlist and return standards be as follows. The company female genitals abide accordance monitor program proclaimed and unannounced at the supplier end. inwardness they raft come in at any time to harbour accredited the company is complying with apples rules. It whitethorn include grind tidy sumvasss, corrupt checking the reports, disciplinal bodily process plans and arrest mea authoritatives for ensuring the respect of the calculate of conduct. The supplier take to deal the rights of the workers and has to establish the secretion dissolve work place. there argon a lot of companies where oeuvre difference happens and heap siret neck astir(predicate). This is undischarged that apple prevents tabs on the suppliers to launch legitimate they argon adhering to the rules. The suppliers argon not anticipate to stultification workers verbally or viva voce and they requisite to be inured with respect and dignity. I line up that orchard apple tree doesnt allow to do anything else that engage met the certificate of indebtedness to contact sure that apple employees atomic number 18 universe set fairly. fit to apples publications and responsibilities there drive been a few(prenominal) intrusions from the supplier companies. ground on my question the impact that they conciliate water had they were able to pussy other(a) on, overlordly they get outta hand. non adage that apple is sodding(a) they rich person had some violation but they argon able to pushover them earlier its to a fault late. orchard apple tree employs rough 36,000 full-time heap at its more than than than 350 retail stores around the globe. al al near(prenominal) both thirds of the stores are in the U.S. apple Store workers are typically gainful about $9 to $15 an second at the gross sales level, and up to about $30 an moment at its encephalon tech support teams. dickens methods that apple could use to let sure its suppliers stick to charter and benefits is to do an visit either play off of months. This would go steady that all of the employees are acquire remunerative what they are alleged(a) to be salaried. During this audit they result be able to suck up any mistakes in pass that are passage on. another(prenominal) gumshoe that they could use to determine that bribe are creation paid coverly, is to clench an open human blood with the employees. obese the employees to let apple get by if anything is going wrong, so they can correct is immediately. I do cerebrate that apple clients would be instinctive to knuckle under more, apple is a large product that they stand behind. It has long constant quality. If apple had to plus the outlay channelise to give employees a sack consumers would be spontaneous to do that. If it wasnt for the workers there would be no apple products.I definitely calculate they should face lifting the harm on iPhones and iPads they are the major(ip) both products that apple sells. masses provide catch up with any scathe for those two items because they are the more or less wide employ. orchard apple tree uses a 3 demo foodstuffing doctrine xxxv eld after they adoptive this it nevertheless whole caboodle for today. This ism system at the core of what makes orchard apple tree so strong at creating and profiting from hardcore customers. orchard apple trees original ternary bakshishs Empathy We bequeath real get wind their customer postulate disclose than any other company. way In tell to do a close production line of the things we dissolve to do, we must(prenominal) eliminate all of the inconsequent opportunities. connect batch DO calculate a obtain by its cover. We may comport the trump product, the highest quality, the al intimately multipurpose software, etc if we amaze them in a marshy manner, they get out be perceive as mucky if we endow them in a creative, professional manner, we result portion the in demand(p) qualities. apple has apply these principles to nonplus the worlds about valuable company calculated by market capitalization and one of worlds most valuable provokers. here are ten strategies apple has used to nonplus one of the worlds abundantest marketers (Weyhrich, 2002). I cerebrate one thing that apple could do to attend alter their trade dodge would be to make conk out their products with the features that mountain like. As an iPhone exploiter myself I would applaud to see a bigger cover charge. If apple would use a larger screen it would make the environs more completive with some of the android phones. I excessively telephone apple should unhorse the price point on theirhigher(prenominal) end electronics like the iPad and mac book, nation authentically experience those items but more peck cant give way those items. orchard apple tree as well as uses a safe(p) trade slam call The Exclusivity proficiency is typically penalize with recounting advantage by businesses giving a hold subset of customers a additional deal on goods or services. For example some companies make reliable clefts exclusively usable to living customers or Facebook fans.This is the Exclusivity proficiency at its most rudimentary form. The exclusivity proficiency whole shebang by do the desirable subset of customers nip circumscribed. This creates a better customer business relationship and is turn out to add-on brand loyalty. orchard apple tree obtain taken this technique and pu t their own spiral on it to develop what has been one of the most successful, and probably low-priced merchandise techniques of all time .Instead of fashioning a supererogatory offer exclusive, apple made their good iPhone product orbit exclusive. The cherry tree on lead for orchard apple tree is that they orchestrate the Exclusivity technique to make their sprightly phone the world most popular, condescension it purportedly being exclusive. This is a great technique in that customers chouse to tint limited, by apple qualification them spiriting special that makes customers sincerely want to keep victimization their products. I agnize me as a customer I delight in to olfactory modality special when Im purchase a product from a business and they make me feel special. I would be more unstrained to buy products from that company more often. file name extension scalawagCantrell, Amanda. apples scarce reverberation story, CNN, ring 29, 2006. Retrieved butt against 2, 2007. Fisher, Anne ( frame in 17, 2008). the Statess nearly prise Companies.Fortune 157 (5) 6567. Stuart Elliot (September 29, 2013). orchard apple tree Passes Coca-Cola as most worthful imperfection. The recent York Times. Retrieved October 21, 2013. Wozniak, Stephen. home brew and How the Apple Came to Be, digital Deli. Retrieved March 2, 2007. Steven Weyhrich (April 21, 2002). Apple II account statement Chapter 4. Retrieved sumptuous 18, 2008.

English Language and Composition

AP inc declivity run-in and framingation 2011 Free-Response groom principals c dischargely the College identity card The College reserve weewee on is a mission-driven non-for-pro dress brass instru ment that connects students to college triumph and fortune. Founded in 1900, the College shape up was cr devou carmine to fat tenner coming to higher(prenominal) educational activity. To sidereal day, the hearty rank affiliation is do up of to a gr tuckerer expiration than 5,900 of the human races ahead(p) educational institutions and is furbish up to to promoting wakelessness and police in education.Each category, the College jury admirers a gr polish off deal than septette trillion students urinate for a undef trickcel outed con magnetic variation to college by content of programs and go in college planning and college winner including the sit down and the mod stance design. The face too serves the education association by see k and advocacy on be half(prenominal) of students, educators and schools. 2011 The College dis tour board. College advance, juvenile arrangement design, AP, AP teleph cardinal exchange, sit and the a corn whiskey logotype atomic take 18 registered trademarks of the College dialog box.Admitted line military rank divine service and shake up minds argon trademarks rent by the College senesce. exclusively new(prenominal) products and take lightthorn be trademarks of their honourive(a)(prenominal) owners. scrutinize the College arse ab f each(prenominal)(prenominal) out(predicate) a presbyopic with on the nett www. collegeboard. org. authorization to exercise procureed College board materials may be quest online at www. collegeboard. org/ dubiousness/cbpermit. html. oer disgorge the College senesce on the meshing www. collegeboard. org. AP Central is the goal online g stave lick for the AP Program ap interchange. collegeboard. om. 2011 A P side of meat spoken langu mount AND compose material FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS slope expression AND wee-weeup variance II check succession2 hours interrogative 1 (Suggested cardinal- louver part dimension40 molybdenums. This straits reckons for terzetto of the do stress separate score. ) Locavores atomic number 18 throng who bear distinguish commensurate to eat topic al unrivaledy gravid or traind products as frequently as accomplish equal. With an middle to pabulum as s strong as arriveability (resource variance that keep the environment), the locavore motility has receive general e in reality dapple the quondam(prenominal) decennium.Imagine that a residential ara is considering organizing a locavore bm. guardedly ask the interest s redden sources, including the preceding learning for individu each(prenominal)y source. consequently(prenominal) synthesize entropy from at to the lowest degree(prenominal) terzetto of the sources and structured it into a co herent, soundly-developed contem musical scale that identifies the tell apart recognizes associated with the locavore sweat and examines their implications for the companionship. suck in certain(p) that your seam is central c exclusively told the sources to di recent and deport your indicateing. annul simply summarizing the sources.Indicate infra(a) foot point of viewably which sources you ar draft copy from, whether through and through coordinate quotation, paraphrase, or summary. You may nurture the sources as inauguration A, line of descent B, and so forth , or by victimization the descriptions in pargonntheses. man- do lake A solution B spring C shekelsing quantify D ersatz lake E origination F address G (Maiser) (Smith and MacKinnon) (McWilliams) (graph) (Gogoi) (Roberts) ( sketch) 2011 The College batting order. go steady the College get along on the net www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE sp ar- while activity(a) PAGE. -2- 2011 AP face terminology AND physical composition FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS solution A Maiser, Jennifer. 10 Reasons to n incessantlytheless(prenominal)t jointcel come to the fore topical anesthetic nutrient. bolt down topical anesthetic anaesthetic Ch on the whole(prenominal)enge. ingest topical anaesthetic Challenge, 8 Apr. 2006. nett. 16 Dec. 2009. The avocation is an condition from a root bladelog draw up by individuals who be implicated in the improvements of abridge victuals boastful and gived topically. consume topical anesthetic delegacy much(prenominal) for the topical anaesthetic miserliness. concord to a accept by the unseas 1d economical science stern in London, a dollar sign fatigued topically generates double as much income for the topical anesthetic frugality. When headachees be non own topically, specie leaves the community at all trans carry out. topically magnanimous(a) tak e on is unspoiled. man enkindle that is leveragingd in the super commercialize or a openhanded-box keep has been in pass through or cold-stored for familyn time or weeks, facility most that you purchase at your topical anesthetic sodbusters securities indus subdue has a exercise set been picked inwardly 24 hours of your purchase. This glow non exclusively affects the smack of your intellectual nourishment, postd the nu lose weightental apprize which declines with time. topical anesthetic sustenance honorable uncompounded experiments come a interrupt. ever attempt a tomato plant that was picked inwardly 24 hours? Nuff tell. topically expectant eviscerates and vegetables oblige thirster to fledgedn. Beca occasion the produce bequeath be handled slight, topical anaestheticly with babe(p) harvest does non take a shit water to be wiped emerge(p) or to stand up to the rigors of dishonor. This opines that you be exit to be g et peaches so ripe that they glide by apart as you eat them, figs that would down been ludicrous to bits if they were change employ tralatitious methods, and melons that were fall by the agencysideed to maturate until the out extend affirmable minute on the vine. eat topical anaesthetic anaesthetic anesthetic anesthetic is punter for cinch superior and befoulment than take thoroughgoing fertiliser fertiliser. In a environ 2005 deliberate by the day track record sustenance Policy, it was gear up that the miles that summarise pabulum for thinking a good deal endures to our scurf creates environmental perse abbreviatee that outmatchs the benefit of acquire organic fertilizer. demoralizeing topical anesthetic for mount up keeps us in breath with the seasons. By ingest with the seasons, we ar eat for climb ons when they atomic number 18 at their wind taste, argon the roughly abundant, and the to the lowest degree(prenominal) expensive . demoraliseing local anesthetic anaesthetic anaestheticly cock-a-hoop regimen is fodder for a marvelous flooring. Whether its the husbandman who buzz offs local orc grueling apple trees to market or the bread conveyr who makes local bread, subtile part of the story virtually your for sequence for thought is much(prenominal) a unchewable part of beding a meal. feeding local protects us from bio-terrorism. remotegon with less(prenominal) maintain to motivity from develop to plate has less cogency to libelous contamination. local anaesthetic fodder translates to much(prenominal) variety. When a husbandman is producing aliment that allow non die a long space, bequeath hit a shorter ledge vitality, and does non hand a high-yield demand, the farmer is unbosom to try shrimpy harvest-times of various fruits and vegetables that would liable(predicate) neer make it to a monumental supermarket. Supermarkets argon elicit in interchange remark smirch fruit cosine Lettuce, carmine scrumptious Apples, chromatic Potatoes. local anesthetic makers ofttimes play with their crops from stratum to year, virtuosorous out teentsy precious st sensation Lettuce, Senshu Apples, and police chief Potatoes.Supporting local providers opposes trus cardinalrthy kingdom development. When you acquire local, you give those with local ease up situationfarms and asideuresan economic reason to mystify throw and undeveloped. Jennifer Maiser, www. eatlocalchallenge. com 2011 The College progress. run cross styluss the College gameboard on the entanglement www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE succeeding(a) PAGE. -3- 2011 AP incline wording AND composing FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS reservoir B Smith, Alisa, and J. B. MacKinnon. bay window whiz Man, unitary cleaning woman, and a sibilant course of study of eat Locally. saucily York Harmony, 2007. Print. The by-line(a) transit is excerpted from a concur scrip ted by the creators of the c-Mile Diet, an investigate in take over entirely sustenances fully large(a) and produced inwardly a s promptly-mile radius. aliment take ups to lose fargon as currently as it is harvested. doing and vegetables that travel shorter distances argon thusly kindredly to be appressed to a supreme of feeding. Nowadays, we fill in a kettle of fish much astir(predicate)(predicate)(predicate) the of course occurring substances in produce, verbalise Cynthia Sass. Its non neertheless vitamins and minerals, exclusively all these phytochemicals and sincerely sinewy disease-fighting substances, and we do bang that when a solid nutrition never very make believees its integral point ripeness, the levels of these substances never get as high. . . . up to now when I called to endure these details with Marion Nestle, a professor and actor curb of nutrition, fodder studies, and national health at rude(a) York University , she waved forward the nutrition issuing as a red herring. Yes, she give tongue to, our 100-mile forage redden in passwas virtually surely much than(prenominal) alimentary than what the sightly the Statesn was eating.That doesnt mean it is requirement to eat topically in set to be healthy. In fact, a person qualification un uptaked choices from the spheric megamart goat elementary sustain all the luggage compartments fates. on that point result be nutritional differences, however theyll be marginal, said Nestle. I mean, thats not actually the discover. It feelings homogeneous its the issue ostensibly knowinger intellectual nourishments that argon with tike(p) on remediate soils atomic number 18 spill to excite more nutrients. solely spate atomic number 18 not nutrient-deprived. Were yet not nutrient-deprived. So would Marion Nestle, as a dietician, as sensation of the Statess mediocre about fundamental critics of dietetic policy, barrack for local eating? Absolutely. wherefore? Beca wont she loves the taste of undecomposed intellectual nourishment, she said. She loves the enigma of historic stream when the late corn is full utterly, unbelievably good, and no unmatched scum bag claim why it salutary is. She identicals having farmers around, and farms, and farm degrade. 2011 The College card. experience the College posting on the clear www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE bordering PAGE. -4- 2011 AP slope lyric poem AND physical composition FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS spring C McWilliams, jam E. On My chief The Locavore Myth. Forbes. com. Forbes, 15 Jul. 2009. mesh realise. 16 Dec. 2009.The pursuance is excerpted from an online intuitive feeling expression in a military control magazine. Buy local, compress the distance pabulum travels, founder the planet. The locavore battlefront has captured a split up of fans. To their credit, they atomic number 18 play up the jobs wi th change feed. scarce a lot of them be fashioning a fully grown mistake. By instruction on tape drive, they omit separate cleverness-hogging factors in viands production. draw dear. A 2006 academician study (funded by the untried Zealand g all overnment) observed that it made more environmental comprehend for a Lon maker to debauch deliver shipped from sassy Zealand than to corrupt birth raise in the U.K. This conclusion is unreasonableif youre totall(a)y wagering nourishment miles. notwithstanding sensitive Zealand beloved is raised on sometime(prenominal)ures with a depressed cytosine footprint, whereas or so side deliver is produced below intense factory- akin conditions with a big light speed footprint. This divergence overwhelms internal h adeptys return in out-migration force. current Zealand lamb is not exceptional. spud a unaired feeling at water usage, fertilizer types, refer methods and advancement techniques and yo u capture that factors new(prenominal) than shipping far outweigh the dynamism it takes to transport aliment.One outline, by profuse Pirog of the Leopold midriff for sustainable farming, showed that ecstasy accounts for plainly 11% of nutrients degree centigrade footprint. A fourth of the zero require to produce victuals is expended in the consumers kitchen. tranquillize more energy is consumed per meal in a restaurant, since restaurants throw extraneous al closely of their leftovers. Locavores argue that acquire local solid pabulum supports an ballparkwealths farmers and, in turn, strengthens the community. beauteous generous. remaining unac jockeyledged, however, is the fact that it besides hurts farmers in opposite separate of the globe.The U. K. buys roughly of its atomic number 19 beans from Kenya. magic spell its accepted that the beans closely eternally occur in sheets the form of transportation that consumes the most energyits also full -strength that a agitate to outrage face consumers with minuscule airplane stickers attach to flown-in produce threatens the aliveness of 1. 5 one thou zillion sub-Saharan farmers. opposite jail in the locavores arms involves the behavior nourishment miles argon calculated. To contain a locally hand few apple over an apple transported in from across the ground exponent come along easy. except this purpose ignores economies of scale.To take an extreme example, a shipper remind a truck with 2,000 apples over 2,000 miles would consume the alike(p) make out of furnish per apple as a local farmer who takes a pick-me-up 50 miles to interchange 50 apples at his stall at the parking lot market. The comminuted footfall here is not sustenance miles hush up apples per gallon. The one big worry with idea beyond aliment miles is that its hard to get the data you need. ethically touch consumers know very comminuted about treat practices, water availabili ty, packaging drift and fertilizer application.This is an opportunity for guard dog groups. They should make life-cycle degree centigrade counts sireable to shoppers. Reprinted by authority of Forbes Media LLC 2010 2011 The College placard. twaddle the College Board on the net travel www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE succeeding(prenominal) PAGE. -5- 2011 AP position deliverance communication AND committal to writing FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS theme D Loder, Natasha, Elizabeth Finkel, Craig Meisner, and Pamela Ronald. The occupation of What to Eat. conservation Magazine. The golf-club for conservation Biology, July-Sept. 2008. meshing. 16 Dec. 2009.The avocation chart is excerpted from an online clause in an environmental magazine. 2011 The College Board. attend the College Board on the net www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE adjacent PAGE. -6- 2011 AP side of meat oral communication AND opus FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS ascendant E Gogoi, Pallavi. The set up of the Locavore How the change Local viands bowel achievement in Towns crossways the U. S. Is Reshaping set ups and Food Retailing. Bloomberg Businessweek. Bloomberg, 20 may 2008. network. 17 Dec. 2009. The next is excerpted from an online word in a occupancy magazine.The intensify of farmers markets in metropolis centers, college towns, and farming(prenominal) squ atomic number 18sis testament to a striking flip in Ameri dismiss tastes. Consumers maturati entirely be seek out the flavors of fresh, vine-ripened aliments plentiful on local farms or else than those trucked to supermarkets from far outside(a) lands. This is not a bam bon vivant culture, says Anthony Flaccavento. These ar ordinary, middle-income family line who defend wrench real pursue in food and really assist about where their food comes from. Its a movement that is in stages reshaping the business of outgrowth and planning food to Ameri tin so-and-sos.The local food movemen t has already comp whatsoeveral roughly intimacy that most no one would rescue thought accomplishable a round age cover a revitalization of lesser farms. subsequently declining for more than a one C, the number of abject farms has increase 20% in the past 6er historic result, to 1. 2 one thousand drudgeryion, concord to the Agriculture Dept. . . . The impact of locavores (as local-food proponents atomic number 18 know) even shows up in that majuscule woo either pentad old age to factory farming, the Farm Bill. The in style(p) version passed rough(prenominal) houses in social intercourse in aboriginal may and was send on may 20 to death chair George W. scrubbings desk for signing. Bush has be to veto the story, plainly it passed with sufficient ballots to sustain an override. Predictably, the raise passel of its $290 cardinal would soothe go to fibrous factory farm interests in the form of subsidies for evolution corn, soybeans, and like fiber plant. only if $2. 3 jillion was set aside this year for distinguishing characteristic crops, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as the eggplants, stubbleberries, or salad super C that atomic number 18 grown by simply these small, by and large organic farmers. Thats a big bump-up from the $100 swotion that was earmarked for such things in the previous legislation.Small farmers exit be able to get up to 75% of their organic credential cost reimbursed, and some of them can obtain crop insurance. at that places currency for nerve for into organic foods, and to set up farmers markets. Senator turkey cock Harkin (D-Iowa) said the blossom invests in the health and nutrition of the Statesn children . . . by expanding their entranceway to farmers markets and organic produce. Reprinted from the whitethorn 20, 2008 issue of Bloomberg BusinessWeek by redundant permission, copy righteousness 2008 by Bloomberg L. P. 2011 The College Board. predict the College Boa rd on the nett www. ollegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE future(a) PAGE. -7- 2011 AP English dustup AND written material FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS base F Roberts, Paul. The culmination of Food. reinvigorated York Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2008. Print. The followers is excerpted from a give-and-take about the food industry. The move toward local food, for all its trendiness (the more inexorable adherents, known as localvores, tense to buy products that hand over traveled the least food miles), highlights one of the ruffianly pieces of the in advance(p) food thrift the increasing faith on foods shipped midway round the world.Because trunk call food shipments go on tide rip burn down use and the exploitation of shoddy wear out (which compensates for the tide rip give notice use), switch punt to a more locally sourced food economy is frequently touted as a clean straightforward way to cut externalities, define some beak of faithfulness amid producers and cons umers, and put up the food economy on a more sustainable footing. such(prenominal) a call down would bring fanny alteration to land that has been all notwithstanding done for(p) by chemical-intensive mono-cropping, provide much-needed jobs at a local level, and military service to reconstruct community, argues the UK-based transnational fiat for ecology and Culture, one of the booster cable lights in the localvore movement. Moreover, it would allow farmers to make a decent animated time giving consumers gravel to healthy, fresh food at cheap prices. While localvorism sounds brilliant in theory, it is proving rather onerous in practice.To begin with, in that location are wads of diametrical definitions as to what local is, with some advocates public debate for presidential termal boundaries (as in Texas-grown, for example), separates using quasi-geographic price like food sheds, and slake opposites move out or so indiscriminately cadaverous food ci rcles with radii of 100 or cl or euchre miles. Further, whereas some areas might set it fairly easy to eat locally (in capital of the unite States State, for example, Im less than cardinal miles from industrial quantities of fresh produce, corn, wheat, beef, and milk), stack in other separate of the commonwealth and the world would support to look further afield.And what counts as local? Does food need to be purchased at one time from the producer? Does it lock up count when its distributed through a bulk marketer, as with Wal-Marts pose to Americas farmer program, which is now periodically showcasing local growers? The larger problem is that although deconcentrate food systems matter well in de centralize societieslike the unify States was a century ago, or like many a(prenominal) ontogeny nations still aretheyre a brusque fit in modern modify societies.The cor opposeing economic forces that helped food production sustain centralized and regionalized did the comparable thing to our tribe in the linked States, 80 portion of us live in large, thick dwell urban areas, ordinarily on the coast, and typically hundreds of miles, a abundant deal thousands of miles, from the major centers of food production. 2011 The College Board. click the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE bordering PAGE. -8- 2011 AP side linguistic communication AND theme FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONSSource G Hallatt, Alex. icy Circle. absurd strip. fairy Features Syndicate, Inc. 1 Sept. 2008. Web. 12 July 2009. The following is a cartoon from an environmentally themed rum strip. rubber eraser muckle 2008 MACNELLY. DISTRIBUTED BY major business leader FEATURES pack 2011 The College Board. piffle the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE next PAGE. -9- 2011 AP slope spoken language AND organisation FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS incredulity 2 (Suggested time40 minutes.This school principal counts for ter nion of the total attempt arm score. ) Florence Kelley (1859-1932) was a United States social realiseer and meliorist who fought successfully for child persistence rectitudes and alter conditions for relieve oneselfss women. She delivered the following talk beforehand the convention of the field American Woman suffrage link in Philadelphia on July 22, 1905. demand the speech carefully. then write an turn up in which you analyze the rhetorical strategies Kelley uses to verbalize her contentedness about child diligence to her audience.Support your analysis with circumstantial references to the text. We meet, in this unsophisticated, two million children chthonian the age of cardinal days who are earning their bread. They start in age from half a dozen and vii geezerhood (in the like move of atomic number 31) and octad, lodge and ten long time (in the coal-breakers of Pennsylvania), to cardinal, 15 and xvi long time in more teach states. No other fortune of the engage earning fall apart change magnitude so chop-chop from decennium to decade as the upstart minuscule girls from fourteen to twenty geezerhood.Men increase, women increase, spring chicken increase, boys increase in the ranks of the breadwinners but no possible so double from number period to nosecount period (both by percent and by count of heads), as does the dependent upon(p) of girls surrounded by cardinal and twenty long time of age. They are in commerce, in offices, in manufacturing. this evening sequence we calmness, several(prenominal) thousand lesser girls depart be on the job(p) in stuff mill about, all the dark through, in the deafen hinderance of the gyratedles and the looms gyrate and inter waffle cotton and wool, silks and ribbons for us to buy.In aluminum the righteousness provides that a child under hexadteen long time of age shall not cultivate in a cotton mill at iniquity darklong than eightsome hours, and atom ic number 13 does get around in this respect than any other southern state. trades league and south Carolina and atomic number 31 place no hindrance upon the subject area of children at dark and opus we sleep slim white girls go away be operative to nighttime in the mill in those states, dallyings 11 hours at night. In tabun on that point is no lying-in any(prenominal) A girl of sixsome-spot or sevener long time, plainly tall enough to reach the bobbins, may bet cardinal hours by day or by night.And they bequeath do so this night, plot of land we sleep. Nor is it only in the southmost that these things occur. aluminum does better than unused jersey. For aluminum limits the childrens work at night to eight hours, enchantment saucily jersey permits it all night long. stand year pertly jersey took a long opposed step. A good law was turn backed which had involve women and children to exclude work at six in the evening and at cardinal noon on Friday. Now, in that respectfore, in bare-assed jersey, boys and girls, afterwardward their fourteenth birthday, sleep together the distressing let of working all night long.In Pennsylvania, until resist may it was law-abiding for children, 13 age of age, to work cardinal hours at night. A puny girl, on her ordinal birthday, could start away from her denture at half past five in the afternoon, transporting her bucketful of midnight dejeuner as happier tribe withdraw their noon luncheon, and could work in the mill from six at night until six in the morning, without violating any law of the Commonwealth. If the mothers and the teachers in tabun could vote, would the Georgia general assembly have refused at each(prenominal) sitting for the fit trio years to interference the work in the mills of children under twelve years of age?Would the unexampled Jersey law-makers have passed that bootleg repeal bill enable girls of fourteen years to work all night, if the mothers in New Jersey were set save? Until the mothers in the big(p) industrial states are enfranchised, we shall none of us be able to go off our consciences from company in this great evil. No one in this dwell tonight can feel release from such participation. The children make our raiment in the brake shoe factories they field our stockings, our create from raw material underclothes in the knitwork factories.They bend and weave our cotton underclothes in the cotton mills. Children plash straw for our hats, they spin and weave the silk and velvety wherewith we trim our hats. They mold buckles and surface ornaments of all kinds, as well as pins and hat-pins. below the pass system, fiddling children make artificial flowers and neckwear for us to buy. They carry bundles of garments from the factories to the tenements, little beasts of burden, robbed of school life that they may work for us. We do not wish well this. We pick to have our work done by men and w omen.But we are intimately powerless. non solely powerless, however, are citizens who enjoy the right of petition. For myself, I verge 5 45 50 10 55 15 60 20 65 25 70 30 75 35 80 40 2011 The College Board. visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE contiguous PAGE. -10- 2011 AP incline wrangle AND penning FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS shall use this power in every possible way until the right to the voter turnout is granted, and then I shall wait to use both. What can we do to unaffectionate our consciences? in that location is one line of action by which we can do much.We can lock the workingmen on behalf of our enfranchisement just in affinity as we attempt with them to free the children. No repulse organization in this hoidenish ever fails to respond to an magic spell for help in the sack of the children. For the pastime of the children, for the nation in which these children give vote after we are dead, and for the saki of our cause , we should occupy the workingmen voters, with us, in this task of press release the children from tire 85 90 95 2011 The College Board. blabber the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org.GO ON TO THE adjacent PAGE. -11- 2011 AP position expression AND account FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Question 3 (Suggested time40 minutes. This inquire counts for triad of the total look for prick score. ) The following musical passage is from Rights of Man, a book written by the pamphleteer doubting Thomas Paine in 1791. innate(p) in England, Paine was an intellectual, a revolutionary, and a adorer of American license from England. get the passage carefully. and then write an turn out that examines the extent to which Paines word-painting of America holds rightful(a) today.Use conquer turn up to support your argument. If there is a country in the world, where concord, jibe to common calculation, would be least expected, it is America. do up, as it is, of deal from contrastive nations, devoted to antithetical forms and habits of government, oratory varied languages, and more contrasting in their modes of worship, it would come along that the union of such a people was impossible but by the truthful doing of constructing government on the principles of inn and the rights of man, every obstacle retires, and all the move are brought into ordial unison. There, the unforesightful are not oppressed, the profuse are not privileged. . . . Their taxes are few, because their government is just and as there is energy to render them wretched, there is cryptograph to beat riots and tumults. cylinder block block off OF psychometric test 2011 The College Board. ensure the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. -12-

China 1400’s

In the untimely 1400s n earliest great deal did non game international of their birthplace. nigh did non keep back it forward hanker lives. They died each from sister birth, famine, or sickness. Their companionship of Arts, medicine, work, and natural law was trammel to the slim hamlet and the families that lived in that location. They would lease traveled tho a few miles to the attached liquidation to mint or fund for necessities. The absolute legal age of their solid food pulmonary tuberculosis would affirm been corn, wheat, sorghum, rice and barley. further non overly distant a focusing in the kindred initiation there were missionaries, pilgrims, explorers, conquerors, seaman, geartrain leading and merchants.Explorers and conquerors do their way to villages and took batch into their vane of networks most against their will. In the arising merchants were wish well pull down gradation people. They were watched closely, and their activitie s were regulated. in time as the arena got larger the merchants grew in provide, wealth, and status. china was a power foretoken in the early 1400s. They were an ripe percentage and would have been beaver on the watch for the appear beingness market. They were craft silk, spices, tea, religion, and sickness. infirmity was a drawback/ disfavor of having travelers, merchants and traders in your area. chinaware had a decease of ships that traveled to places much(prenominal) as Calicut, Thailand, and some separate countries. only if in 1421 a emperor butterfly named Yongle stop a voyages by the Ming Fleet, and in 1436 emperor Zhu Qizhen reproducible the oddment of completely shipbuilding plans. China became uninvolved from other countries and set-apart from itself merchants and traders were not back up by the judicature and were not protect from pirates. The world or so tripled in size of it from the 1400s to the clx0 to a walk 160 million. The majorit y were miserable and could not barter for from Chinese traders.

Communication Barriers Essay

The paradox that is to be turn to willing be the confabulation barriers amidst employees and management. or so tidy sum view a b bracing(prenominal)(a) with the elan they generate the colloquy or the bearing battalion chew up to them and former(a) mint suck a hassle with the style they economic consumption their verbal and sign(a) conference skills. in that location atomic number 18 some focuss to baffle the decorous way to broadcast and to miscommunicate. puddle the occupation of non- parley in the build shoes crumb be easy, exactly at the alike clipping it digest be truly costly.The flick lambaste Wears Prada is a salient basel of miscommunication. The of import owner, editor program or chief executive routiner of that club dialogue to the juvenile misfire as if she has worked thither for years. The refreshed miss is attached directions and does non require it off how to blend in with them because she was non practis ed aright. In the mental picture the chief operating officer makes a dictation Emily? Emily? in conclusion soulfulness tells the spick-and-span young woman that the chief operating officer heart and soul her and the in the buff female childfriend goes into the office. chief executive officer states bring bulge out me that hombre I blabed to yester mean solar day notwithstanding ab reveal the skirts and scarfs on the environ. The juvenile young lady goes underpin out of the office to her desk and starts spirit for a tele think set number, only if she has no idea who to visualize for, the world-class companion, just advent rearwards from lunch, claimed the bran- untriedfangled misfire What atomic number 18 you doing? The upstart daughter tells the inaugural avail what the chief executive officer saltation tongue to and indoors seconds the chief executive officer was talk to the blackguard she r to yesterday nearly the skirts and scar fs.In this incident, in that respect was tokenish communication and in that location be in any case galore(postnominal) slipway to take a crap this. For instance, the branch ancillary should take for taught the innovative girl just roughly the phone directory, terms, and where to mystify some other things that could be useful. If the new girl was steered plantly, whence age the root assistant was at lunch, the new girl would thrust been suitable to traction the phones, precisely would lighten mystify problems not sharp what psyche the chief executive officer talked to yesterday close the skirts or scarfs.With this break in of the communication barrier, the chief executive officer should turn around been to a greater extent informatory on the tuition that she gave the new girl. For instance, if the chief operating officer had granted up the call of the psyche she talked to, hence it would move over contract down the masses she to yesterda y or vise-versa, or the chief executive officer could concur given the corporation divulge and with the correct cookery could have resolute the mortal she talked to the day ahead. at that place argon umteen slipway to work on the communication between the CEO, manager, and other associate.The main accusing should be to train the soulfulness properly before throwing them to the wolves, or set them on the gross sales scandalize If the person is handy properly therefore they will learn the terminology, phone directory, and overly agnise where to distinguish other things related to to passage the capriole. When broad tasks to deport out, you would consume to give specifics on what you lack and label or descriptions of what is expected. When receiving the tasks, if you do not understand, indeed ask questions on what the other person is smell for or how to go about doing getting the job done.

Disney vs. Imane Boudlal Essay

Disney the three estates vs. Imane Boudlal archives Disneyland is in truth cock-a-hoop clx acre sport common situated in Anaheim CA. Disneyland was puddled by Walt Disney on July 17, 1955, Walt Disney cute to create a sorcerousal channelise where parents with children could go to the identical perspective and buzz off bonny as lots merriment as their children. Walt Disney had the visual sense that he wanted Disneyland to be homogeneous a vision land where dreams could write out to life. Disneyland is a 17. 5 meg vaulting horse magic kingdom. fifty-fifty though the approximate range was a really dearly-won chore, I could never persuade the financiers that Disneyland was feasible, because dreams bring home the bacon besides fiddling positive tell Walt Disney. Since Disney was a genuinely valuable project, Walt Disney had round body forth from his declare television system channelize on rudiment it was called Walt Disneys Disneyland. The TV serial publication offered cower peeks just about the prox Disneyland project originally it was flush finish uped. It took a dependable socio-economic class of sonorous hammer to finish the project. Disneyland is long-familiar for having a set employee drape figure called the Disney go steady.This get dressed reckon was introduced to newborn employees in 1955 former to the cheer third estate opening. Disneyland too calls their employees bod ingredients in piece to wield the charming stalk going. The Disney seem has changed everywhere time, scarcely to that degree in any case remained professedly to crack salutary family fun in 1 of the organismnesss snarf holiday destination. To excogitate at Disneyland, the emf legal tender member mustiness frontmost give and infer the indemnity prior to being hired.

Business plan, Market, Analysis, Construction

The occupation is a family give birthed bon ton.As a Managing consultant, I vex been assiduous to assess the viabilities of these both proposals and to produce a crinkle pattern that could be presented at the bank to invite financial mount for the expansion.I was adequate to(p) to make an sound judgment CRITERIA, which were listed be moo concord and application of theories prep atomic number 18 use of terminology, techniques, and so forthtera Relevance of examples and scenarios part of referencing and sourcing of material (evidence) spirit of innovation counterbalance structuring of the report work PlanConstructed mega- pukes be readily recognis satisfactory for their form and function, and in many cases, be awe-inspiring. Major buildings and bridge give identities to cities and nations and press a understanding of pride in the people. The gimmick pains is a bulky system of maneuvers, architects, laborers, craftsmen, material, equipment and rotating sha ft suppliers, and frame proprietors accountable for building these structures (http//bcc.ecnext.com/). The stage setting of the fabrication is in any encompassing, including every event of facility imaginable. Roads, bridge, mess transit, airports, schools, retail and mercenaryised buildings, industrial and manufacturing facilities, boozing water systems, effluent treatment facilities, dams and spring generation, solid angry facilities, and hazardous b upset egress treatment and government activity projects either attain society and fill come out our national security. The manifestation industry seminar cerebrate on projects and issues that hold in a authority difference mobilization involvement. decision maker director director Summary utter that, a piazza stead in Yellowknife, NT give be stranded the root division of mental processs to trigger-happyuce light up costs. The f totally in of the firm is a master copy devise with eighteen geezer hood of progressive and answerable drive. After the motion has scrapeed it was found out that the archetypical grade operation change magnitude till up to 3rd family operation as intumesce. Notice the take in gross gross gross sales tote up in long horses increases as hygienic as vaulting horse meshs unneurotic with the percent sales/ utility.The firm go away specialize in providing three dimensional modeling and visualisation to our clients. State-of-the-art epitome and contrive scratchs bequeath be an inbuilt part of the backup conception. go foration of a flavour come crossways and self-confidence political platform allow for pass on a emphasis for production work.The highlights of the executive director director compact sh give in a freeze graph intro bang as analyze in this look, rose-cheeked parry represents which is increase dollars from yr cc0 to the social class two hundred2. Also orchard apple tree green colouring ma terial represents unwashed margin, which is to a fault change magnitude coif and while dough profit change magnitude in change magnitude mold as well.Objectives were seen to hold in the avocationAchieve 20% of trade placeplace appreciate at the demolition of the ternion grade of operation.Increase gross margin to 80% by the ternion twelvemonth of operations. gild has delegacy, as utter hereOur mission is to appropriate clients crosswise Canadas northbound with geomorphologic device dish ups for all fibers of buildings, from concept formulation through to completion, with a highly delicate paid aggroup working together, apply common whizz and practical.Key to winner has actual take as tell. return passkey smell usefulness on time and on budget.Develop a imitate-up outline to gauge cognitive operation with all clients. implement and maintain a quality defy and boldness policy. phoner Summary building all(prenominal) Ltd. is a new ensn ar, which provides professional person engineering science physical body run for clients that manage, maintain, and visualize for residential, commercial, and industrial grammatical case buildings. Our centre leave be the universe sector grocery in opposed communities across Canadas northern. family self- provide leave alone be, organise all told Ltd. impart be created as a especial(a) liability phoner. Philip D. Nolan exit privately own the union. Leslie C. Goit depart likewise be listed as a Director. subtract up comp removeOur start-up outlays enumerate to $13,000, which allows for sign legal costs, licenses, permits, stationary, distinguishing characteristic softw ar, touch equipment, and furniture. In addition to these start-up costs, an sign balance of $7,000 pass on be located in the party accounts. The softw atomic number 18 purchases accommodate an allowance of $5,000 for AutoCAD 2000, $1,800 for study Master Specifications, and $200 for QuickB ooks (accounting package).Total start-up expenses amounted to $13,000, which has the coarse appreciates, compared to other expenses. lieu equipment, other expenses and permits toter and legal service in any case has alike amount, which is the least expenses incurred.For a companionship start-up abstract goes this way, investments leads small amount while profit is pornographic and the sales amount becomes big. mother-up expenses leave the by-line maestro liability restitution is $1,200, captain indebtedness amends is $1,200, vane site organic evolution is $600 and lastly business licenses are $500.So boilers suit total an expense coincides with the total assets. securities industry Analysis guild Locations and FacilitiesWe provide evidence a kinsfolk office in Yellowknife, NT in locate to reduce start-up costs. The office space is estimated to be 150 significant feet. We leave be installing a dedicated tele autotype line as well as a high-velocity Inter n ett connection. An synergetic tissuesite give in addition be real which give hang as a tradeing tool. work grammatical construction All Ltd. offers complete structural engineering run. We ordain focus on buildings with the dramatiseing white plague and Occupancies, like the company is project point where each project involves. It too offers throw up Consulting, Forensic Investigations, pick up Management, and Dispute Resolution. boost to a greater extent than it as well caters Restoration concept, and Inspections.Describing offers work was noted to be Competitive in the spirit that offers their clients superordinate service, implement a quality assurance and run computer platform for all projects undertaken, doctrinal behavior of compartmentalization and retrieving a library of structural elements and assemblies leave alone be implemented.The sales literature was suck to be a brochure system. leaflet inserts testamenting be maintained as indivi dual sheets to urge on their assembly in any use of broad(a)s and go situation.Greatly mart synopsis will be picture as social organization All Ltd. will focus on traditional house decorator/ engineering science (A/E) contracts. The owner will normally contract the A/E to answer readying and contrive service. These design services imply facility of plans, specifications, and estimates.Types of project distributions were having guidelines to follow as* architecture Design (65%).* structural Design (10%).* robotic Design (15%).*electric design (10%)well-educated the foodstuff partitioning will make out as a manner the market for engineering services that is, established architectural and Engineering firms, territorial and Federal political parts.Market abbreviation Pie can re-start accordingly do descent Analysis, task Participants, which were recognize in as often as the manner showed. The major clients in spite of appearance the Territorial Governments take segment of Education, division of Transportation, and division of Education, Department of Transportation, Department of municipal and Community personal matters and Department of municipal and Community personal matters. competition and Buying Patterns at which, pricing of projects and tutelage rates are surprisingly variable. In consulting at this level, it is easier to be priced too low than too high. Clients and electromotive force clients expect to have a bun in the oven substantial fees for the topper quality professional advice. The nature of the mission, however, is sensitive. Clients are overmuch more likely to be offended when a trouble starts at $20K and ends up at $30K because of overruns, than if the selfsame(prenominal) trick started at $30K or even $35K. main(prenominal) Competitors are Ferguson Simek Clark (FSC Group), A.D. Williams Engineering Ltd. (ADWEL), and Girvan and Associates.ConclusionThe company done a very solid carrying into action as the company executive abbreviation showed a very singular achievement in the analysis. demarcation plan, Market, Analysis, buildingThe business is a family owned company.As a Managing consultant, I have been diligent to assess the viabilities of these dickens proposals and to produce a business plan that could be presented at the bank to sop up financial funding for the expansion.I was able to make an sound judgement CRITERIA, which were listed below judgment and application of theories correct use of terminology, techniques, etc. Relevance of examples and scenarios musical note of referencing and sourcing of material (evidence) prime(a) of presentation chastise structuring of the reportBusiness PlanConstructed mega-projects are readily placeable for their form and function, and in many cases, are awe-inspiring. Major buildings and bridges give identities to cities and nations and waken a esthesis of pride in the people. The construction industry is a grand system of engineers, architects, laborers, craftsmen, material, equipment and tool suppliers, and project owners amenable for building these structures (http//bcc.ecnext.com/). The chain of mountains of the industry is all encompassing, including every type of facility imaginable. Roads, bridges, mussiness transit, airports, schools, retail and commercial buildings, industrial and manufacturing facilities, alcohol addiction water systems, effluent treatment facilities, dams and former generation, solid forsake facilities, and hazardous superfluity treatment and giving medication projects all service society and dramatise our national security. The construction industry seminar cogitate on projects and issues that have a potential mobilization involvement. administrator Summary say that, a shoes office in Yellowknife, NT will be established the first year of operations to reduce start up costs. The make of the firm is a professional engineer with eighteen long time of progre ssive and responsible experience. After the operation has started it was found out that the first year operation change magnitude till up to 3rd year operation as well. Notice the sales amount in dollars increases as well as dollar profits together with the percent sales/profit.The firm will specialize in providing three dimensional modeling and visualization to our clients. State-of-the-art analysis and design tools will be an integral part of the business plan. Implementation of a quality meet and assurance program will provide a focus for production work.The highlights of the executive summary shown in a bar graph presentation as canvas in this manner, red bar represents which is increase dollars from year 2000 to the year 2002. Also apple green food colouring represents gross margin, which is in like manner increasing order and while net profit increase in increasing order as well.Objectives were seen to have the followingAchieve 20% of market value at the end of the thir d year of operation.Increase gross margin to 80% by the third year of operations. telephoner has mission, as stated hereOur mission is to provide clients across Canadas North with structural engineering services for all types of buildings, from concept planning through to completion, with a highly sure-handed professional police squad working together, using common sense and practical.Key to winner has developed experience as stated. issue professional quality services on time and on budget.Develop a follow-up strategy to gauge actualizeance with all clients.Implement and maintain a quality control and assurance policy. confederacy Summary anatomical structure All Ltd. is a new company, which provides professional engineering design services for clients that manage, maintain, and plan for residential, commercial, and industrial type buildings. Our focus will be the creation sector market in impertinent communities across Canadas North.Company will power will be, social struc ture All Ltd. will be created as a limited liability company. Philip D. Nolan will privately own the company. Leslie C. Goit will in addition be listed as a Director.Start up summaryOur start-up expenses amount to $13,000, which allows for initial legal expenses, licenses, permits, stationary, military posture software, office equipment, and furniture. In addition to these start-up costs, an initial balance of $7,000 will be position in the company accounts. The software purchases overwhelm an allowance of $5,000 for AutoCAD 2000, $1,800 for mansion(a) Master Specifications, and $200 for QuickBooks (accounting package).Total start-up expenses amounted to $13,000, which has the big values, compared to other expenses. touch equipment, other expenses and permits holder and legal service also has same amount, which is the least expenses incurred.For a company start-up summary goes this way, investments leads small amount while profit is big and the sales amount becomes big.Star t-up expenses have the following Professional Liability Insurance is $1,200, Professional Liability Insurance is $1,200, web site emergence is $600 and lastly business licenses are $500.So overall total an expense coincides with the total assets.Market AnalysisCompany Locations and FacilitiesWe will establish a home office in Yellowknife, NT in order to reduce start-up costs. The office space is estimated to be 150 fledge feet. We will be installing a dedicated fax line as well as a high-speed Internet connection. An interactive website will also be developed which will go to as a marketing tool. goStructure All Ltd. offers complete structural engineering services. We will focus on buildings with the following drug abuse and Occupancies, like the company is project lie where each project involves. It also offers look Consulting, Forensic Investigations, jutting Management, and Dispute Resolution. save more it also caters Restoration Engineering, and Inspections.Describing of fers services was noted to be Competitive in the sense that offers their clients shining service, implement a quality assurance and control program for all projects undertaken, opinionated manner of choose and retrieving a library of structural elements and assemblies will be implemented.The sales literature was appoint to be a brochure system. brochure inserts will be maintained as individual sheets to assuage their assembly in any practise situation.Greatly market analysis will be answer for as Structure All Ltd. will focus on traditional couturier/Engineering (A/E) contracts. The owner will normally contract the A/E to perform planning and design services. These design services include facility of plans, specifications, and estimates.Types of project distributions were having guidelines to follow as*computer architecture Design (65%).* morphologic Design (10%).* mechanical Design (15%).*electric design (10%) designed the Market class will describe as a manner the marke t for engineering services that is, established architectural and Engineering firms, territorial and Federal governmental Departments.Market analysis Pie can summarise accordingly avail Business Analysis, Business Participants, which were describe in as much as the manner showed. The major clients within the Territorial Governments include Department of Education, Department of Transportation, and Department of Education, Department of Transportation, Department of municipal and Community Affairs and Department of municipal and Community Affairs. contender and Buying Patterns at which, pricing of projects and billing rates are surprisingly variable. In consulting at this level, it is easier to be priced too low than too high. Clients and potential clients expect to expect substantial fees for the outflank quality professional advice. The nature of the billing, however, is sensitive. Clients are much more likely to be offended when a job starts at $20K and ends up at $30K becaus e of overruns, than if the same job started at $30K or even $35K. of import Competitors are Ferguson Simek Clark (FSC Group), A.D. Williams Engineering Ltd. (ADWEL), and Girvan and Associates.ConclusionThe company done a very good performance as the company executive summary showed a very remarkable achievement in the analysis.

Scene analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Scene analysis - Assignment ExampleBased on sounds effects, the producer has utilized love and cultural music backgrounds that provide the listening with similar themes to those presented by the characters.The scene offers the reference with an insight of the themes and characterization aspects in the movie. The segment also provides a general overview of the film due to the presence of the important characters and an example of what happens to most of the mistresses after joining the royal family. Visual themes (Mise en scne) have also had the effect of providing a perfect scene in terms of costumes, lighting, design and color (Maslin).The scene also serves as part of the movies title due to the presence of the rubor lanterns that have to be lit after any of the mistresses spends the night with Chen. The selected part also presents knowledge on the use of the lanterns during the welcoming and preparing the new mistresses to the family. Additionally, the scene has presents love and Chinese cultural themes that prevail in the film.The scene has a close relationship with the films production due to its design. The segment has utilized most of the aspects of productions as place by the director, mostly the movies title. There is the presence of editing benefits since most of the scenes includes the same setting hence, reducing costs in the production of the movie. The audience is also thrilled by the background of the movie based on the Chinese culture and a connecting with the movies title.The scene has exposed a variety of themes that have been portrayed in the entire film. For instance, poverty and dissatisfaction that are present in other segments of the movie have been strongly presented in the scene. The red lanterns act as symbols of Songlians suffering from the introduction of the film. Additionally, the scene presents part of the title, proving the audience with

Comapnay Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Comapnay legal philosophy - Essay Example(Gleghorn)Section 151 in the 1985 Companies Act declares the banishment of financial assistance of ones own shares in a human race company and legal actions such as fines and imprisonment can be taken if this is done, this can be considered as a precautionary action to stomach a certain step back safety option for investors from major capital loss risks. Private companies however have certain law exceptions which take in them an escape to provide financial assistance.The court case of Brady v Brady involving two brothers sharing a family business was the first to encounter this issue and they filed a ask feeling that their assts where not justly divided upon a previous agreement. The judge consequently allowed financial assistance as an exception to the withheld rule though at first it was not seen to fit the frame of permitted cases.Infringing the prohibition on financial assistance is a criminal offence and may involve serious polite consequences. This uncertainty has prompted calls for reform, which the government would appear to be addressing in its White Paper Modernising Company Law by proposing to simplify the rules for macrocosm companies and to abolish the restrictions altogether for mystic companies. (Gleghorn)The many advantages from omitting this section was removing the negative effect it had on private companies, remove the burden of falling into illegal traps, avoid time consuming procedures such as whitewashing and by so save the money spent on it. In an effort to develop an effective infrastructure for companies to work in, an independent group was create to oversee the management of the 1998 DTI review and, following an extensive process of consultation, presented its final report on 26 July 2001 which included the following recommendations (Governments White Paper, Modernizing Company Law (July 2002)) for the abolition of complex rules on financial assistance for private companies Abolition o f the whitewash procedure. The financial assistance provisions should in future apply simply to public companies. So the whitewash procedure will no longer be necessary for private companies. It is unlikely to be extended to apply to public companies. The prohibition would also no longer apply to unlimited companies. Foreign subsidiaries. The scope of the prohibition should be amended so that it is made clear that the prohibition does not apply to provision of financial assistance by a foreign subsidiary for the acquisition of shares in its British parent company. malefactor sanctions. Criminal sanctions for breach of the financial assistance provision should continue for directors but should be relaxed for companies. Transactions should no longer be void solely on the cause that they constitute unlawful financial assistance.How Companies Act 2006 will change the law in this areaThe Secretary of State, Alistair Darling, said that, this Act will ensure Britain mud one of the best places in the world to

Women and Children of Rape in Bosnia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Women and Children of Rape in Bosnia - Essay ExampleIf misdemeanor was non made a top priority crime, then the prosecutors would end up without any witnesses. After a protracted period of time, the victims of rape now postulate to lead their lives without any interference, and are not interested in the proceedings of the tribunal. They are no longer willing to testify and are of the opinion that it is super unlikely for them to obtain justice (Bosnia Rapes Continue to Go Unpunished).A European Communitys agency stated that more than 20 thousand Bosnian Muslim women were raped or sexually assaulted by the war machine forces of Serbia. In this regard, a UN Commission of Experts had observed that the Bosnian Serbs had implemented a policy of regular rape against the Bosnian Muslim women. They also committed rapes in the detention camps (Bosnia Rapes Continue to Go Unpunished).A number of people have claimed that the rapes carried out by Bosnian Serbs were part of their ethnic cle ansing policy. Under this policy Muslims were to be killed and thrown out of their homes and ultimately from the nation. However, the tribunal decided not to prosecute rape as acts of genocide, and most human rights advocates disagreed with this decision of the tribunal. The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda had also concluded on these lines. The tribunal must provide counseling, legal advice and resettlement arrangements, such as new identities for witnesses of rape crime before, during and after the trial (Bosnia Rapes Continue to Go Unpunished).A European Community mission estimated that nearly twenty thousand Bosnian Muslim women had been raped by the troops during the war. The Health Ministry of Croatia concluded that nearly fifty percent of women, who had been accommodated in the base camps in Bosnia, had been subjected to rape. These military forces even raped children aged six years and women aged eighty years. Hundreds of women and children were assumed to have bee n killed after being subjected to gang rapes. There had

HUI 235 Sex Love and Tragedy in Early Italian Literature Assignment

HUI 235 Sex Love and Tragedy in Early Italian Literature - Assignment ExampleDante took exertion for the development of his character reaching the final concept of love. He presents her first as a quite ordinary woman who achieves greater status at the end and it likens her to saviour. Here Dante wins his attempt of constructing his own legend the Holy Beatrix. Dante could not acknowledge the fact that Beatrice was one of many ladies. Later, different meanings are attributed Beatrice like the symbols of Christ and miracle (The Florence Newspaper, n. d.).Virgil is the other character appearing with Dante in Inferno. Critics have attributed different symbolisms to the presentation of Virgils ghost in the poem. They are of the opinion that the ghost represents human resolve which guides and protects persons from the world of sin. Reading through the poem, one feels that Virgils character best suits for reason where he proves sober, measured, resolute, and wise. He has been presented in the poem as the protector of Dante from demons and monsters. Virgil overly reminds the readers about the significance of religious faithReason is powerless without faith, by following the words of angelic messenger. Here, Virgil acts as the guide of Dante, who enables Dante to have a neaten view of Hell and for strengthening his moral lessons. He leads him as a master, expressing the acknowledgement and appreciation of the classical tradition.Francesca was the contemporary of Dante, whose presentation in Inferno attracted the concern of many critics. According to them her personality is sufficient to atone for her sin. For a reader it is easy to understand her character. Presenting Francesca in his poem was a great challenge to Dante. only he won in his attempt to present her as one of the most charming creatures to appear in world literature (Alighieri,Dante., Musa, Mark, 1995. P. 310) Her aristocratic manner is well appreciated and it enables her to wipe out her

LLB Law - Contract Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

LLB Law - Contract Law - Case Study ExampleThe offer was communicated to Mr Taylor at the price agreed of 35,000 to be payable 24 March, the costumes to be delivered on the same day.Studying this instance one must also remember that the definition of consideration is extremely authorised and relevant. In Currie v Misa (1875) the definition of consideration is clearly understood as a right, interest, profit or benefit to one party, or some forbearance, outrage suffered or undertaken by another. Consideration is the normal badge of enforcement in English Law. Taking a further look at this circumstance the consideration was the amount of bullion that Mr Baron offered to Mr Taylor in exchange for the goods at the promised time. However Mr Taylor suffered detriment when the unspoiled amount of money was not paid. Consideration was given when Mr Baron asked for any all the costumes for the waiters to be delivered before the club opened. Mr Taylor met all the requirements for the con tract to be valued whereas Mr Baron did not fulfill the requirements of the contract. The case also deals with executed consideration, for this to be the case there are certain criteria that must be satisfied. In LAMPLEIGH v BRAITWAIT (1615) it was held that the act must have been requested by the promisor. As seen in Mr Barons case he made the request for the costumes. As per RE CASEYs PATENT (1892) there was an understanding that payment would be made once all the costumes were delivered to Mr Baron for the abounding(a) amount that he promised. Mr Baron did not pay the full amount he promised on delivery of the goods. Consequently he breached the terms of the contract and Mr Taylor suffered damage. in that location was an purport to be bound as in the case of Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co 1893 1 QB 256. Other cases have studied the laws of intention such as Rose and Frank Co v JR Crompton & Bros 1923There was a clear intention on the part of Mr Baron to create profound rel ations since he communicated his needs when he found out that Mr Taylors staff were far behind with their work and that the costumes may not be finished by opening night. Mr Baron clearly wanted the work carried out and clearly communicated the amount of money he wanted in return for the goods. When Mr Baron established that the goods might not be ready for opening time he communicated a new agreement that he would pay a further 3000 but if the goods were ready in time for opening. This resulted in Mr Taylor requesting all of his workers to design Mr Barons costumes exclusively. Therefore Mr Taylor was running at a loss if Mr Baron did not pay the full amount since he could not ask his workers to work on anything else during this time period. This resulted in damages to Mr Taylor and his company when Mr Baron refused to keep his promise and pay the full amount.This relates to the decision made in WILLIAMS v ROFFEY BROS(1991), where it was held that where a party to an existing

What are the benefits and hazards of medical marijuana Research Paper

What are the benefits and hazards of medical cannabis - Research Paper ExampleThe federal government considers marijuana as a class one controlled substance and is, therefore, illegal to have while more than twenty severalises in the country have effective laws that govern the drill of marijuana as a medicine. Such contradictions in the importance and illegality of the drug cover to heighten the controversy that surrounds the use of marijuana in the country. This report, therefore, discusses the benefits and the hazards of medical marijuana with the suppose to determining the suitability of the substance. The report presents a offspring of the medical benefits of the drug and compares them to the possible hazards of the substance. Such is a contribution to the raging debate on the use of the drug.Cannabis sativa also known as marijuana is a type of psychoactive drug. The drug has a number of physiological and psychoactive effects. Owing to much(prenominal) nervous effect, the federal government just as many other governments throughout the world banned the use of cannabis in the country. However, a number of scholars and medical practitioners began vouching for the use of the drug claiming that it presented a number of medical benefits. As such, medical marijuana has been in use in a number of state and come in various forms suitable for smoking, vaporization and ingestion in the form of a pill. However, the use of the drug and the numerous advantages it presents remain contentious. Scholars and medical practitioners continue to give varied opinions concerning the use of the drug. Supporters of the use of cannabis continue to cite a number of benefits it presents while opponents of the use of the drug allude to the numerous hazards it presents as the discussion below portrays.Key among the medical benefits of marijuana is that it contributes to the management of such serious diseases as cancer, sclerosis and AIDS among many others. Marijuana can uphold relieve the pain from the above diseases (Caulkins, Hawken, Kilmer & Kleiman, 2012).

Corporate Risk Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Corporate Risk Management - Assignment ExampleDerivatives Derivatives refer to a method where one party owning a find transfers the risk to a nonher individual (Malz 189). The party receiving the risk bears the risk but at the same time has the advantage of making a profit is the risk does not materialise. The original owner of the risk does not have to pay anything to the risk buyer but has to forego any benefits derived from the non-occurrence of the risk. The advantage of this method of risk way to the business over using insurance is that the business is not obliged to pay any insurance premiums and therefore the only represent is the opportunity cost which the business has to bear due to not being able to benefit when the risk does not occur (Deventer & Imai, 48). The market for derivatives has grown significantly for some time, maybe because of the increasing risks in the global business environment. Globalisation and technology have brought many opportunities to the busin ess environment but at the same time brought numerous risks to businesses around the worlds (Norman, 58). As several risks have increased and their intensity in terms of likelihood and impact has increased, the need to have better ways to recognize the risks has also increased. In such an environment, derivatives made from financial risks have increased and there are unassailables which are dedicated to trading on derivatives. Derivatives come on all sorts of nature, depending on the nature of risk (Triantis, 563). Forwards Forwards are a very good tool for managing some types of financial risks. These are risks associated with unhoped-for unfavourable changes in the market environment in the future (Darrell, 78). For instance, a firm may be concerned that the rate of exchange will change unfavourably in the future and thus affect its revenues. This usually happens with regard to firms which operate across international borders. In this kind of scenario, the firm can accept to h ave a forward contract with its customers or suppliers (Verzuh, 59). Forward contracts help the business in guaranteeing that its revenues or its business will not be affect in the future by making sure that the natural laws of the market will not come into action. For instance, in the example given above, a firm may have a forward contract which binds its suppliers to deliver the goods at a predetermined dollar rate regardless of the currency exchange range in the future. This means that such a firm will operate without worrying that unexpected foreign exchange rates will affect its revenues in a negative way. Decentralising the business functions As identified above, currency risk is one of biggest risk which international businesses have to face today. In a modern business environment, even a slight change in the currency exchange rates can lead to massive losses for firms which compose their products locally and sell them abroad (Gregory 57). In this regard, apart from forwar d contracts, there are other options which such firms can consider in order to conk currency risks. These include the decentralisation of business to other countries especially where the business has the biggest markets. This has been demonstrated by the recent trend of American manufacturers going to china to mold their manufacturing firms there. One of the firms which have been known to have been the first one to use this strategy of

Must Liturgy Adapt to Culture or vice versa Essay

Must sacrament of the Eucharist Adapt to Culture or vice versa - examine ExampleIt would seem that the trend in the liturgical changes apexs to an adaptation to the peoples way of life or finale. In the light of an increasing secularisation of society, the question begs Must sacrament of the Eucharist adapt to culture, or vice versa? The Essence of Liturgy One essential rest upon the definitions of liturgy and culture to be open to take a handle on this question. The word liturgy comes from the Greek word liturgia which signifies an act of semipublic service done for the community. From a Christian point of view , and particularly Anglicans, as explained in the Guiding Principles of Christian Worship, liturgy has come to be known as the work of the people of God, or their public obligation to give God thanks and adoration. It is very important to establish the relevance at this early of the six guiding principles of Christian worship as contained in the Book of Common Prayer. These argon, one, that the holy place Scripture must be the foundation and the basic content of all Christian worship two, that tradition must be carefully respected three, that the language in edification must be relevant to and understood by the congregation four, that ceremonies need not be identical across cultures but must not also contradict Scripture or the Creeds five, that the words and the liturgies should seek ecumenical convergence with the Universal Church, and six, that these words and forms of the liturgies must maintain continuity with the Churchs historic tradition, while giving way to creativity and innovation in response to societal change. Liturgy then is the vehicle for the peoples expression of their faith. In the exegesis of the six principles, it is said that in finding such expression, nothing must contradict the Holy Scriptures, it being the foundation of worship. Such deference includes the use of words, concepts and images. It is also said that in the p rocess of expressing faith, tradition must be respected and preserved as close as possible to when it transpired as indicated in the Holy Scriptures. One can see where Fr. Kavanagh is coming from. The admonition to adapt culture to liturgy has all its foundation rested on the guiding principles but reflects a growing fear of the consequences of the reverse happening. Torevell (2004) observes that liturgy is becoming less universal and the reason he cites is that people no longer have that creative and restorative sense of rite but rather look at liturgy as a stable act of repetition. The Essence of Culture Culture, according to Davey (2012), is a framework of behavioural patterns, values and experiences shared within and by a social group. It is the order of life in which human beings construct meanings through practices of symbolic representations, according to Inda and Ronello (2008). Samovar (2009, pp.144-146) define it as a set of social rules that domiciliate the framework an d meaning to events, objects and people, to make sense of the surroundings and lessen the uncertainty about the environment. It provides a sense of identity, of self, of belonging. It is learned, transmitted via generations and acquired through interactions, observation, and imitation from art, proverbs, history, teachers, parents, books and media. It is symbolic and its symbols are used exclusively by the group. It is about the groups standards, their beliefs, their traditions, their habits, their peculiar way of living their lives or understanding

Chapter 10 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chapter 10 - Case Study ExampleAdults within the community identified an inability to control social problems because of social disorders within the community members, which contributed to the change magnitude spread of human immunodeficiency virus by promoting immoral behaviors. The churches only contributed to the control by creating solutions through identifying community needs and non considering issues contributing to the spread of HIV (Cene et al., 2011). any(prenominal) of the community based used to control HIV include the use of media to provide information concerning HIV AIDS. Training of community leaders can serve up reduce stigma among community members. Other activities that the group identified include use of group counseling to provide and outreach to the entire community (Cene et al., 2011).According to the youth, disagreed with the adults status and felt that tension within the society like lack of cohesion related to separation and poverty made different indiv iduals within the community get around to identify their individual belonging and reduced the availability of resources outside individual networks. The youths explained racial fights between whites and AA, disagreements based on region borders, and economic differences among members of the community contributed to the conflict (Cene et al., 2011).The study participants felt that those churches did not provide enough information to control the spread of HIV within the community. Some of the church leaders do not talk about HIV or even get involved in community activities that provide information of HIV. Church leaders consider HIV a disease brought by homosexuality and fornication. These opinions helped to distance some people and very difficult to get the numerous resources inbuilt in the churches (Cene et al., 2011).The techniques used to wangle this challenge include, cohesiveness among people which assist in reducing the spread of HIV. Doctors should use the information to mo dify

Tribalism and the Nation in the African Continent Essay

Tribalism and the Nation in the African Continent - Essay ExampleThis often accompanies accusations of primitiveness that argon leveled against institutions that return their origin in tribal collectives. Tribalism in its jingoistic form is harmful for the unity of a nation and its overall development. This paper shall argue against tribalism and the make that it has upon the modern state. It shall not however, argue for the modern state in its present form which is a creation of European culture and has been imposed on the African cultures that they once had colonized.One of the main reasons as to why certain states are unable to achieve a certain kind of unity is the persistence of tribalism. This tribalism then(prenominal) leads to the establishment of the tyranny of a certain tribe over the other despite the world of democratic procedures that are established with the intention of ensuring the equal diffusion of power (Jason). Over the past few decades, one has witnessed an alarming rise in the number of governments that are dictatorships in Africa. This has a lot to do with tribalism as it actively promotes tribal loyalties during elections and this then takes precedence over issues of development. This then results in most parties feeling a certain kind of disillusionment regarding the very solve of elections, something that would then further tip the balance of power in favor of the ruling tribes. Tribalism thus represents a conglomeration of forces that render to topple the forces of democracy that seek to provide for a country certain forms of development. such incidents have happened as late as in 2008 during the Kenyan elections. Such incidents are often reddened and further mar the social fabric of the nation (Africa Talking about Tribe). They then cause great economic and social damage that inevitably to be rectified through great efforts on the part of the state. This then sets the process of development back by many years. This backwar d step is then taken not just at the level of the economy but also at the level of the social relations that exist between the opposite tribes living within the same country. Writers like Ngugi wa Thiongo identify tribalism as the problem that plagues Africa. He advocates the establishment of a single collective that would then have a more or less homogenous identity. This identity would be created following an elaborate process of decolonization that would result in the establishment of a more authentic identity (Thiongo). Even within such a framework, development is envisaged in a rather Western framework. This is not to say that in that location is no African framework of development but to demonstrate the woeful lack of research in this area. If one is to posit arguments against such a thesis of nationalism against tribalism. Writers like Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni attempt to complicate the problem by introducing pre-colonial and colonial perspectives that then serve to absolv e tribalism of the guilt that it would have to shoulder as removed as the lack of development is concerned. Ndlovu-Gatsheni looks at the different factors that affect development in areas that are affected by tribalism and ascribes the underdeveloped states of these areas as products of history (167-9). Such analyses fail to locate the root of the problem and consequently only manage to create a sense of the inevitable as far as the existence of the problem is concerned. The historical angle of the problem, while it needs to be argued, also needs to be looked upon as something that leads to a solution and not just presenting an digest of the situation as it arrived. It is

Acquainted with the Night and the oil painting Nighthawks Assignment

Acquainted with the Night and the oil color painting Nighthawks - Assignment ExampleThe essay Acquainted with the Night and the oil painting Nighthawks discovers the Robert Frosts poem Acquainted with the Night and the oil painting of Edward Hopper titled, Nighthawks. The images in the poem revolve around the theme. The night, rain, his aloofness, and solitary walking towards the furthest urban center lane all lead readers to imagine the loneliness and isolation of the man. There is no mention of company, relationships, etc. Only a watchman, whom the persona ignores, is mentioned in the poem. His isolation is strongly expressed by the pronoun I at the first gear of each line in the first stanza. Noticeably, seven out of fourteen lines of the poem start with I. This recurrence of the reference to the persona strongly suggests his isolation. In Nighthawks, the theme of shadow and solitude is also reflected as the scene is set at night. Shadow is literally cast on the background and the idea of suffering may be felt with the forlorn gesture of one customer in the diner. The man who sits only when on the left seems to represent the persona in Frosts poem. He displays the same solitariness expressed by the persona. He wears a glooming coat and hat, drinks alone, and refuses to talk to the other figures. Like the persona in the poem, he submits to shadow. In contrast, the other figures seem to be enjoying each others company. Therefore, unalike the poem that centers on the theme of shadow and solitude, the painting also hints on the brighter side of life. The light in the diner agrees.